Name of the Movement/Organisation

Year

Place/ Region

Founder

Objectives

Swaminarayan Sampradaya

Gujarat

Swami Sahjananda

Protests against some non-spiritual tendencies in Vaishnavism

Atmiya Sabha (later Brahma Sabha)

1815-1828

Calcutta

Raja Ram Mohan Roy

To reform Hindu society & propagate monothiesm

Wahabi Movement

1820

Rohilkhand

Syed Ahmed of Rae Bareilly

Popularised the teachings of Waliullah. Stressed the importance of individual conscience in religion.

Brahmo Samaj

1828

Calcutta

Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Keshab Chandra Sen & Debendranath Tagore

1. Opposed social evils such as Sati
2. Emphasised human dignity
3. Opposed idolatory

Young Bengali Movement

1826-1832

Calcutta

Henry Derozio, Rasik Krishna Mullik, Tarachand Chakravarty, Krishna Mohan Banerjee

1. Argued for social reforms
2. Belived in truth, freedom & reason
3. Opposed social evils

Dahrma Sabha

1830

Calcutta

Radha Kanta Deva

1. Founded to counter Brahma Samaj
2. Stood for status - quo of ancient social system

Namdhari/Kuka Movement

1841-1871

North West
Frontier
Province & Bhaini in Ludhiana Dist of Punjab

Bhai Balak Singh & Baba Ram Singh

1. Opposed to caste distinctions
2. Spread of true spirit of Sikhism

Rahanumai Mazdayasan Sabha

1851

Bombay

S.S. Bangali, Naoroji Fundonji & J.B. Nacha

1. A socio-religious organisation of the Parsis
2. Restoration of Zoroastrian religion to its original glory
3. Social regeneration of the Parsi community
4. Emancipation of women
5. Spread of modern education

Radha Soami Satsang

1861

Agra

Tulsi Ram (Shiv Dayal Saheb)

1. Belief in one Supreme Being
2. Religious unity
3. Emphasis on simplicity of social life
4. Social service

Prarthana Samaj

1867

Bombay

Dr. Atmaram Pandurang

Reforming Hindu religious thought and practice in the light of modern knowledge

Indian Reform Association

1870

Calcutta

Keshab Chandra Sen

1. Create public opinion against child marriages
2. Legalise Brahmo form (civil) marriage
3. Promote the social status of women

Arya Samaj

1875

Bombay

Swami Dayanad Saraswati

To reform Hindu religion

Theosophical Society

1875

New York (later shifted to Adayar near Madras)

Madam H.P. Blavatsky & Col. H.S. Olcot

Revival & strengthening of ancient religions including Hinduism, Zoroastrianism & Buddhism

Deccan Education Society

1884

Pune

Mahadev Govind Ranade, V.G. Chidbonkar & G.G. Agarkar,

To contribute to the growth of education and culture in Maharashtra. The society founded the Fergusen College in Pune (1885).

Seva Sadan

1885

Bombay

Behramji M. Malabar

1. Oppose child marriage
2. Propagate widow re-marriage
3. Take care of the socially exploited women

Name of the Movement/ Organisation

Year

Place/Region

Name of founder

Objectives

Ramakrishna Mission

1887

Swami Vivekananda

1. To preach the teachings of Sri Rama Krishna Paramahamsa
2. To carry out humanitarian relief and social work

Indian National Social Conference

1887

Bombay

Mahadev Govind Ranande and Raghunath Rao

Founded as the social reform cell of the Indian National Congress

Deva Samaj

1887

Lahore

Shiv Narain Agnihotri

Asked the followers of this organisation to follow social code of conducts and ethics. Opposed bribe, consumption of intoxicants, non-vegetarian food and gambling. It drew inspiration from Brahma Samaj

Madras Hindu Association

1892

Madras

Veeresalingam Pantalu

Encouraged widow re-marriage and fought against Devadasi system

Bharat Dharma Mahamandala

1902

Varanasi

Madan Mohan Malaviya & Pandit Deen Dayal Sharma

It was an organisation of orthodox Hindus, also known as Sanatana Dharmis. It was formed to counter the teachings of the Arya Samaj

The Servants of India Society

1905

Bombay

Gopal Krishna Gokhale

1. Social Reforms
2. Train "national missionaries for the service of India".

Poona Seva Sadan

1909

Pune

G.k. Devadhar and Ramabhai Ranade (wife of M.G. Ranade)

Establish institutions for economic and social uplift and useful employment of women.

Niskam Karma Math (the Monastery for Disinterested Work)

1910

Pune

Dhondo Keshav Karve

1. Social Reform
2. Selfless service to mankind
3. Educational progress of women
4. Founded the first women's university in India in Pune in 1916

Bharat Stri Mandal

1910

Calcutta

Saralabala Deve Chaudharani

First women's organisation on all-India basis. Aimed at furthering the cause of education and emancipation of women.

Social Service League

1911

Bombay

Narayan Malhar Joshi

Social service and improving the conditions of the masses by opening schools, libraries and dispensaries

Seva Samiti

1914

Allahabad

Pandit Hridayanath Kunzru

1. Organise social service
2. Promote education
3. Reform criminals and fallen elements in society

The Indian Women's Association

1917

Madras

Annie Besant

Work for uplift of Indian women and to "secure a larger free and fuller life for them".

Khudai Khitmatgar

1929

Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan

Upliftment of people of North-Western Frontier Province & prepare them for attainment of independence.

Name of the Organisation/ Movement

Year

Place/Region

Founder

Objectives

Faraizi (Faraidi) Movement

1804

Faridpur (Bengal)

Haji Shariyatullah & Dudhi Miyan

1. Propagate strict monotheism
2. Rid the Muslim society of non - Islamic social customs, rituals and practices
3. An anti-landlord & anti- British movement

Taayuni Movement

1839

Dacca

Karamati Ali Jaunpur

1. Opposed to Faraizi Movement
2. Supported British Rule

Deoband Movement

1867

Deoband (near Saharanpur), UP

Muhamman Qasim Nanutavi & Rashid Ahmad Gangohi

1. Improve the spiritual and moral conditions of Indian Muslims
2. In later days, it supported INC and opposed the Pro-British Aligarh Movement

Aligarh Movement

1875

Aligarh

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan

1. Liberation and modernisation of Indian Muslims
2. Tried to re-interpret religion
3. Propagated modern education among the Muslims

Ahamadiya Movement

1889-90

Faridkot (presently in Pakistan)

Mirza Ghulam Ahmed of Qadiyan

1. Universal brotherhood among followers of all religions.
2. Opposed to Islamic orthodoxy
3. Strengthening Hindu-Muslim unity
4. Spread of nationalism among Indian Muslims

Nadwatal Ulama

1894-95

Lucknow

Maulana Shibli Numani

1. To reform the traditional Islamic system of education
2. Strengthening Hindu-Muslim unity
3. Spreading nationalism among Indian Muslims

Ahrar Movement

Riza Khan & Ali Brothers

Stood against Aligarh Movement

Name of Movement/ Organisation

Year

Place/ Region

Founder

Objectives

Satya sodhak Samaj

1873

Mahrashtra

Jyotiba Phule

1. Opposed to caste oppression, un-touchability &domination by Brahmans priest
2. Believed in social equality
3. Aimed at lifting up lower caste people through education
4. Favoured widow re-marriage

Aruvipuram Movement

1888

Aruvipuram, near Trivandrum in Kerala

Sri Narayana Guru (1856-1828)

1. Opposed to religious disabilities against lower castes
2. Believed in social equality
3. Worked against Brahman domination
4. Worked for the uplift of the lower castes, especially Ezhavas, by educating them
5. Stood for entry for all Hindus to temples without caste distinctions
6. The dedication of a shiva idol in Aruvipuram by Sri Narayana Guru, a lower caste saint in 1888 at Aruvipuram marked the beginning of this movement
7. This movement later became the Sri Narayana Dharma Paripalana Sabha

Sri Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam (SNDP Movement)

1903

Sivagiri, near Trivandrum in
Kerala

Sri Narayana Gruru, Dr. Palpu and Malayalam poet
Kumaran Asan

1. A continuation of Aruvipuram Movement
2. Sri Narayana Guru taught "one caste, one religion one God for mankind". He also argued "man should prosper whatever may his religion be".
3. Drawing inspiration from SNDP Movement, T.K. Madhavan and other leaders launched "Temple Entry Movement" for lower caste people in 1920s.

The Depressed Class Mission Society

1906

Bombay

V.R. Shinde

Launched by the Prarthana Samaj activists as an independent organisation. It aimed at organising education facilities for the lower castes

Bahujan Samaj

1910

Satara, Maharashtra

Mukundrao Patil

Opposed to exploitation of the lower castes by upper castes including Brahamans, money lenders and landlords

Justice Movement

1915-16

Madras

C.N. Mudaliar, T.M. Nair and P.Tyagaraja Chetti

1. Opposed to Brahman Pre-dominance in education, services and politics
2. The movement paved way for the foundation of South Indian Liberation Foundation (SILF) in 1916
3. The efforts of this movement has resulted in providing reservation for some backward communities in government service in 1930.

Depressed Classes Welfare Institute (Bahishkrit Hitkari Sabha)

1924

Bombay

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

1. To propagate the ideology of equality among all Hindus
2. Ensure constitutional safeguards for the depressed classes
3. The Scheduled Caste Federation was formed in 1942 under the aegis of this organisation

Self - Respect Movement

1925

Madras

E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker
(Periyar)

1. A radical movement against Brahman dominance and Hindu Orthodoxy
2. Advocated marriages without priests, forcible entry into temples by he lower castes and total defiance of Hindu social laws
3. Periyar supported the temple entry movement in the neighbouring Kerala also
4. Gradually, the movement began to encourage atheism
5. Later, it took political form in the name of Dravida Kazhakam (DK) or the Dravidian Movement. The Dravida Munnetra Kazhakam (DMK) and the All India Anna Dravida Kazhakam (AIADMK) of Tamil Nadu owe their origin to DK.

Harijan Sewak Sangh

1932

Pune

Mahatma Gandhi

1. Removal of un-touchability and social discrimination against lower castes
2. Provide medical, technical and educational facilities to the un-touchables
3. The weekly Harijan was started by Gandhiji as the mouthpiece of this organisation.

Kaivartas' Movement

1897

Midnapore
(Bengal)

1. Inspired by two organisations; Jati Nirdharani Sabha (1897) & Mahishya Samiti (1901)
2. Stood for the upliftment of Kaivarta community who later came to be known as Mahishyas

Nadar Movement

Tamil Nadu

1.The movement was begun by the Nadars of Travancore (southern Kerala), inspired by Christian Missionaries
2. In southern Travancore, the Nadars led the movement in 1849 for the right of backward caste woman to wear cloth covering their torso. This was the first backward caste movement in India against caste inequalities
3. Later, the movement was led by the Nadar caste members in Tamil Nadu, against caste disabilities imposed by the Brahmans and to reclaim their Kshatriya status.
4. The Nadar Mahajan Sangham was formed in 1910

Nair Service Society (NSS)

Perunna, near Kottayam in Kerala

Mannathu Padmanabhan

1. A radical upper caste movement
2. The Malayali Memmorial (1891), demanding representation for the educated citizens of Travancore (southern Kerala) was the precursor to this movement. This movement was led by the noted writer C.V. Raman Pillai. Previously,important government jobs were offered to Tamil Brahmans only. The Malayali Memorial was supported by the Christians and the Kerala Brahmans also. It was the first movement in Indian history, demanding representation in government service.
2. The NSS stood for removal of evil practices and wasteful expenditure among the Nairs, an upper caste people
3. Encouraged modern education among the community members
4. Supported the social reform movements among the other communities and the temple entry movement by the lower case people
5. Supported the national movement

Name of the Movement/ Organisation

Place/Region

Year

Leader

Objectives

Titu Mir's Movement

Western Bengal

1782-1831

Mir Nathar Ali (Titu Mir)

Against the beard-tax imposed on the Faraizis by the Hindu landlords

Pagal Panthis

Hanjoong & Garo tribes in Mymensingh district (eralier in Bengal)

1825-1835

Karam Shah & Tipu Shah

1. Against hike in rents
2. This movement was
suppressed violently

Mopla Uprisings

Malabar (northern Kerala)

1836-1854

1. Against rise in the revenue demand by the landlords and reduction of field size
2 In 1921, there occurred another rebellion in Malabar against the British rule, in connection with the Khilafat Movement. Peasants took part in it in large numbers

Indigo Revolt

Nadia district of western Bengal

1859-1869

Degambar & Bishnu Biswas

1. Against the harsh terms imposed by the European indigo planters in Bengal
2. As a consequence to the revolts, the Indigo Commission was set up in 1860 to look into the grievances of the tenants and indigo workers

Deccan Peasants' Uprising

Kardeh Village and Pune in Maharashtra

1875

Against corrupt money-lenders (Gujarati & Marwari); Agriculturists Relief Act (1879) was passed.

Phadk'e Ramosi Uprising

Ramosi, Maharashtra

1877-1887

Wasudeo Balwant Padke

Against the failure of the British government in taking famine relief measures

Pabna Agrarian Uprising

Pabna District, East Bengal (presently in Bangladesh)

1873

Shah Chandra Roy, Shabhu Pal, Khoodi Mollah

1. Against policies of Zamindars preventing occupants from acquiring occupancy rights
2. Bengal Tenancy Act (1885) was passed
3. Bankim Chandra Chatterji and Romesh Chandra Dutt supported the movement

Punjab Peasnts' Revolt

Punjab

1890s

1. Against prospect of losing their land
2. The Punjab Land Alienation Act was passed, as a consequence of the revolt. It imposed regulations on sale & mortgage of land & revenue demands

Poona Sarvajanik Sabha

Thana, Colaba and Ratnagiri (Maharashtra)

1870

Mahadev Govind Ranade

To popularise the peasants' legal rights

Champaran Satyagraha

Champaran (Bihar)

1917

1. Against the 'tinkathia' system imposed by the European indigo planters.
2. The movement was supported by Gandhiji
3. The Champaran Agrarian Act abolished the 'tinkathia' system
4. Dr. Rajendra Prasad made his political debut in Champaran

Kheda Satyagraha

Kheda (Gujarat)

1918

1. Against ignored appeals for remission of land revenue in case of crop failures
2. The movement was supported by Gandhiji
3. The movement succeeded in obtaining the goals

UP Kissan Sabha

United Province (now Uttar Pradesh)

1918

Indra Narain Dwivedi &
Madan Mohan Malavya

Awadh Peasants Movement

Bareilly - Pratapgarh region (UP)

1918

Oudh Kissan Sabha

Awadh (Ayodhya)

1920

Jawaharlal Nehru & Baba Ram Chandra

Andhra Ryots Association

Andhra

1928

N.G. Ranga

Abolition of Zamindari

All India Kisan Sabha

1936

Swami Sahajanada

1. An apex body of peasants' organisations all over India
2. Aimed at protection of peasants from economic exploitation

Bardoli Satyagraha

Bardoli, Nera Surat (Gujarat)

1928

Kunbi- Patidar peasants & lower caste people

1. Against oppression by upper caste & hike in revenue by 22% by Bombay government
2. Revenue was brought down to 6.03%
3. Vallbhai Patel and Mehta Brothers actively supported the movement
4. Gandhiji also visited the Satyagrahis. He called Patel "sardar" or leader in honour of the leadership he provided during the Satyagraha

Eka Movement

Hardoi, Barabanki and Sitapur

1921-22

1.Led by members of Pasi & Ahir castes
2. Against hike in land rents

Tebhaga Movement

Bengal

1946

1. A movement by poor peasants, tenenats and Bargardars (share-croppers)
2. Aganist Zamindars and money - lenders
3. The Bargadhari Bill was passed as a result of the movement

Bhoodan Movement

Hyderabad

1946-51

Acharya Vinoba Bhave

1. The movement was launched as result of the Telengana Peasants' uprisings
2. Against practices of money - lenders and officials of the Nizam of Hyderabad
3. Vinoba Bhave urged and persuaded the zamindars to donate land to the landless

Name of the Paper/ Journal

Year

Founder/Editor

Remarks

Bengal Gazette

1780

James Augustus Hicky (Irishman)

The first newspaper published from India (published in English). Later, the first Bengali newspaper was also published in the same name.

India Gazette

1787

Henry Louis Vivian Derozio Associated with it.

This paper supported the Young Bengali Movement

Madras Courier

1784

First paper from Madras

Bombay Herald

1789

First paper from Bombay

India Herald

1795

R. Williams (an Englishman) and published by Humphreys

Digdarshna

1818

First Bengali monthly

Calcutta Journal

1818

J.S.Buckingham

Bengal Gazette

1818

Harishchandra Ray

First Bengali newspaper

Sambad kaumudi

1821

Raja Rammohan Roy

Marat-ul-Akbar

1822

Raja Rammohan Roy

First journal in Persian

Jam-I-Jahan Numah

1822

An English firm

First paper in Urdu

Banga-Doota

1822

Raja Rammohan Roy
Dwarkanath Tagore and
others

A weekly in 4 languages ; English, Bengali, Persian, Hindi.

Bombay Samachar

1822

First paper in Gujarati

East India

19th Century

Henry Louis Vivian Derozio

Bombay Times

1838

Foundation laid by Robert Knight

The Times of India after 1861. Started by Thomas Bennett.

Rast Goftar

1851

Dadabhai Naoroji

Hindu Patriot

1853

Girishchandra Ghosh

Later ,Harishchandra Mukherji became owner-cum-editor.

Samprakasha

1858

Dwarkanath Vidyabhushan

First Bengali political paper

Indian Mirror

Early 1862

Devendranath Tagore

First Indian daily paper in English

Bengalee

1862

Girishchandra Ghosh

Taken over by Surendranath Banerjea in 1879

Madras Mail

1868

First evening paper in India

Amrita Bazar Patrika

1868

Sisirkumar Ghosh & Motilal Ghosh

In Bengali and later, an English daily

Banga Darshana

1873

Bankimchandra Chatterji

Indian Satesman

1875

Robert Knight

Later, the name was changed into The Statesman

The Hindu

1878

G.S. Aiyar, Viraraghavachari & Subba Rao Pandit

Tribune

1881

Dayal Singh Majeetia

Kesari & Mahratta

1881

Tilak, Chiplunkar & Agarkar

Before Tilak, Agarkar & Prof Kelkar were the editors respectively

Swadeshamitram

G.S. Aiyar

Paridasak

1886

Bipin Chandra Pal (publisher)

Yugantar

1906

Barindra Kumar Ghosh & Bhupendranath Dutta

The newspapers Yugantar, Sandhya and Kal were instrumental in forming public opinion against the Partition of Bengal (1905-1911).They inspired the Swadeshi Movement to a large extent

Sandhya

1906

Brahamabandhab Upadhyay

Kal

1906

Indian Sociologist

Shyamji Krishnavarama

London

Bande Mataram

Madam Bhikaji Cama

Paris

Talvar

Verendranath Chattopadhyay

Berlin

Free Hindustan

Tarakanth Das

Vancouver

Ghadr

Ghadr Party

San Francisco

Bombay Chronicle

1913

Pherozeshah Mehta, Editor B.G. Horniman (Englishman)

The Hindustan Times

1920

K.M. Panikkar

as part of the Akali Dal Movement

The Milap

1923

M.K. Chand

Leader

Madan Mohan Malaviya

Kirti

1926

Santosh Singh

Bahishkrit Bharat

1927

B.R. Ambedkar

Kudi Arasu

1910

E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker (Periyar)

Kranti

1927

S.S. Mirajkar, K.N. Joglekar & S.V. Ghate

Langal and Ganabani

1927

Gopu Chakravarti & Dharani Goswami

Bandi Jivan

Sachindranath Sanyal

National Herald

1938

Jawaharal Nehru

Al-hilal

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

Comrade

Mohammed Ali

Young India, Harijan

Mahatma Gandhi

Nation

Gopalakrishna Gokhle

Bengali

Surendernath Banerjee

Som Prakash

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

Karmyogi

Arvindo Ghosh

Free Hindustan

Taraknath Das

Zamindar, Lahore

Zafar Ali Khan

New India, Commonweal

Annie Besant

Satpatra Series

Gopal Hari Deshmukh

Din Mitra

Mukundrao Patil

Kudi Arasu

Periyar

Ghulamgiri (Slavery)

Jotirao Phule

Maratha, Din Bandhu

Bhaskar Rao Jadhav

Darpan

Bal Shastri Jabedkar

Prabudha Bharat, Udbodhaka

Swami Vivekananda

Malayala Manorama

1888

Kandathil Cheriyan Mappila

The paper helped form popular opinion against autocratic policies of Sir C.P. Ramaswamy Iyer, the Diwan (Chief Minister) of Trvancore (southern Kerala). This helped growth of nationalism in Kerala

Sl. No

Year

Venue

President

Remarks

1

1885

Bombay (Mumbai)

Woomesh Chandra Banerjee

First session. Allan Octavien Hume, the founder of the founder of the Indian National Congress (INC) was the first Secretary of the Party. Total 72 delegates participated. Lord Dufferin was the Viceroy of India when INC was formed.

2

1886

Calcutta (Kolkata)

Dadabhai Naoroji

Dadabhai Naoroji was the first Indian to become the President of the INC. Lord Dufferin, the Viceroy served a garden tea party to the delegates. Soon, he was disappointed with the working style of the INC and he described it "annual Babu Congress" and a "microscopic minority jumped into the un-known".

3

1887

Madras (Chennai)

Badruddin Tyabji

4

1888

Allahabad

George Yule

5

1889

Bombay

Sir William Wedderburn

Bombay was the first venue to host a session of the INC for the second time.

6

1890

Calcutta

Feroz Shah Mehta

7

1891

Nagpur

P. Ananda Charlu

8

1892

Allahabad

Woomesh Chandra Banerjee

W.C. Banerjee was the first person to become the President of the INC for the second time.

9

1893

Lahore

Dadabhai Naoroji

The first session of the INC held in a location pesently in Pakistan

10

1894

Madras

Alfred Webb

11

1895

Poona

Surendranath Banerjee

12

1896

Calcutta

Rahmatulla M Sayani

13

1897

Amaravati

C. Sankaran Nair

14

1898

Madras

Ananada Mohan Bose

15

1899

Lucknow

Ramesh Chandra Dutt

16

1900

Lahore

N.G. Chandavarkar

17

1901

Calcutta

D.E. Wacha

18

1902

Bombay

Hasan Iamam

Ahmedabad

Surendranath Banerjee

19

1903

Madra

Lal Mohan Ghose

20

1904

Bombay

Sir Henry Cotton

21

1905

Banares

Gopala Krishna Gokhale

The first session after the partition of Bengal (1905) by Lord Curzon. The session passed resolutions against the partition.

22

1906

Calcutta

Dadabhai Naoroji

23

1907

Surat

Dr. Rash Behari Ghose

1908

Madras

Dr. Rash Behari Ghose

The session held at Surat was suspended and later held in Madras, due to the clash between the Moderates and the Extremists within the Congress.

24

1909

Lahore

Madan Mohan Malaviya

25

1910

Allahabad

William Wedderburn

26

1911

Calcutta

Pandit B.N. Dhar

27

1912

Bankipore

R.N. Mandholkar

28

1913

Karachi

Nawab Syyed Mohammad Bahadur

Karachi and Lahore are the places in present day Pakistan where sessions of the INC were held.

29

1914

Madras

Bhupendranath Basu

30

1915

Boambay

Sir Satyendranath Sinha

31

1916

Lucknow

Ambika Charan Majumdar

32

1917

Calcutta

Annie Besant

The first woman to become the President of the INC.

1918

Special Session

Hassan Imam

Sl. No.

Year

Venue

President

Remarks

33

1918

Delhi

Madan Mohan Malaviya

The first session in Delhi

34

1919

Amritsar

Motilal Nehru

This session was held after the Jallianwalbagh massacre

35

1920

Calcutta

Lala Lajpat Rai

The session was suspended

Nagpur

C. Raghavachariar

Annual session. This session approved Gandhiji's programme of Non- Co - operation

36

1921

Ahmedabad

C.R. Das

As C.R. Das was in prison, Hakim Ajmal Khan acted as the President.

37

1922

Gaya

C.R. Das

38

1923

Delhi

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

The session was suspended

Golconda

Maulana Muhammad Ali

Annual session

39

1924

Belgaum

Mahatma Gandhi

The only session of Congress presided over by Gandhiji

40

1925

Cawnpore (Kanpur)

Sarojani Naidu

The first Indian woman to become the President of the Congress.

41

1926

Guwahati

S. Srinivasa Iyengar

42

1927

Madras

Dr. M.A. Ansari

The session decided o boycott the Simon Commission

43

1928

Calcutta

Motilal Nehru

44

1929

Lahore

Jawaharlal Nehru

1. Jawaharlal Nehru became the President of the Congress for the first time.
2. The tri-color flag was adopted by the Congress.
3. The Congress passed the Poorna Swarajya (complete independence) Declaration.
4. No session was conducted in 1930. However, 26th January of that Year was celebrated as "Independence Day" by the Congress workers throughout the country.

45

1931

Karachi

Vallabhai Patel

46

1932

R. Amritlal

The session was banned

47

1933

Calcutta

J.M. Sen Gupta

The second Indian woman to become the President of the INC

48

1934

Bombay

Dr. Rajendra Prasad

49

1936

Lucknow

Jawaharlal Nehru

50

1937

Faizpur

Jawaharlal Nehru

51

1938

Haripua

Subhash Chandra Bose

52

1939

Tripuri

Subhash Chandra Bose

Bose defeated Gandhiji's candidate Pattabhi Sitaramayya in a heated contest. However, he resigned after moths and Dr. Rajendra Prasad took over as the President.

53

1940

Ramgarh

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

No sessions were held during 1941-45, because main leaders of the Congress were under arrest. The Quit India Movement was launched during this period, beginning from 9th August 1942.

54

1946

Meerut

Acharya J.B. Kripalani

1. It was the last session of the Congress before India's independence.
2. Achraya Kripalani was the President of the Congress when India won freedom.

55

1948

Jaipur

B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya

The first session of the Congress after India's Independence and Gandhiji's

Date

Importance

1905

Partition of Bengal announced to come into force from October 15, 1906 by Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India

Dec. 31. 1906

Muslim League founded at Decca

Apr. 30. 1908

Khudiram Bose executed.

Jul. 22. 1908

Tilak sentenced to six years on charges of sedition.

May. 21. 1909

Minto-Morely Reforms or Indian councils Act, 1909 was promulgated

1911

The coronation or Delhi durbar held at Delhi in which the partition of Bengal was cancelled. Lord Hardinge II was the Viceroy who annulled the partition of India

1912

Delhi becomes the new capital of India.

Dec. 23. 1912

Bomb thrown on Lord Hardinge II on his state entry into Delhi.

Nov. 1. 1913

Ghadar party formed at San Francisco.

Jun. 16. 1914

Bal Gandgadhar Tilak released from jail.

Aug. 4. 1914

Outbreak of the First World War.

Sept. 29. 1914

Komagata Maru ship reaches Budge Budge.

Jan. 1915

Gandhiji arrives in India.

Feb. 19. 1915

Death of Gopal Krishna Gokhale.

Apr. 28. 1916

B.G.Tilak founds Indian Home Rule League with its headquarters at Poona.

Sept. 25. 1916

Another Home Rule League started by Annie Besant in Madras

Apr. 1917

Mahatma Gandhi launches the Champaran Campaign' in Bihar to focus attention on the grievances of indigo planters. It was the first political interference in India by Gandhiji

Aug. 20. 1917

The Secretary of State for India Montagu, declares that the goal of the British Govt in India is the introduction of Responsible Govt.

1918

Beginning of trade union movement in India.

Apr. 1918

Rowlatt (Sedition) Committee submits its report. Rowlatt Bill introduced of February 16, 1919.

Apr. 6. 1919

All India hartal over Rowlatt Bills.

Apr. 3. 1919

Jallianwalag Bagh tragedy.

Dec. 5. 1919

The House of Commons passes the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms or the Govt of Indian Act, 1919. The new reforms under this Act came into operation in 1921.

1920

First meeting of All India Trade Union congress. Narain Malhar Joshi and Lala Lajpat Rai were its founding leaders.

Dec. 1920

The Indian National Congress (INC) adopts the Non-Cooperation Resolution. (started on Aug 31, 1920)

1920-22

Non-Cooperation Movement, suspended on Feb 11-12, 1922 after the violent incidents at Chauri Chaura on Feb 5, 1922.

Aug. 1922

Moplah rebellion on the Malabar coast.

Jan. 1. 1923

Swarajist Party formed by Motilal Nehru and others.

1924

The Communist Party of India starts its activities first at Kanpur.

Aug. 1925

Kakori Train Conspiracy case.

Nov. 8. 1927

The British Prime Minister announces the appointment of the Simon Commission to suggest future constitutional reforms in India. Simon Commission arrives in Bombay on Feb 3, 1928 and all India hartal. Lala Lajpat Rai assaulted by police at Lahore.

1928

Nehru Report recommends principles for the new constitution of India. All-Parties Conference considers the Nehru Report, Aug 28-31, 1928.

Date

Importance

Nov.17. 1928

Death of Lala Lajpat Rai.

1929

Sarda Act passed prohibiting marriage of girls below 14 and boys below 18 years of age with effect from 1930.

Mar. 9. 1929

All-Parties Muslim Conference formulates the 'fourteen Points' under the leadership of Jinnah.

Apr. 8. 1929

Bhagat Singh & Batakeshwar Dutt drop bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi (present day Parliament)

Oct. 31. 1929

Lord Irwin's announcement that the goal of British policy in India was the grant of the Dominion status.

Dec. 31. 1929

The Lahore session of the INC adopts the resolution of complete independence-(poorna swarajya) for India.

Jan.1. 1930

Jawaharlal Nehru hoists the tricolour of Indian Independence on the banks of River Ravi at Lahore.

Jan. 26. 1930

First Independence Day observed.

Feb. 14. 1930

The Working committee of the INC meets at Sabarmati and passes the Civil Disobedience resolution.

Mar. 12. 1930

Mahatma Gandhi launches the Civil Disbedience movement with his epic Dandi march (march 12 to April 5).First phase of the CivilDisobedience movement: March 12, 1930 to March 5, 1931.

Nov. 30. 1930

First Round Table Conference begins in London to consider the report of the Simon.

Mar. 5. 1931

Gandhi-Irwin pact signed Civil Disobedience movement suspended.

Mar. 23. 1931

Bhagat Singh, Sukh Dev and Rajguru executed.

Sept. 7. 1931

Second Round Table Conference.

Dec. 28. 1931

Gandhiji returns from London after the deadlocked in IInd RTC. Launches Civil Disobedience Movement. The INC declared illegal.

Jan. 4. 1932

Gandhiji arrested and imprisoned without trial.

Aug. 16. 1932

British Prime Minister Ramsay Macdonald announces the infamous "Communal Award".

Sept. 20. 1932

Gandhiji in jail, begins his epic "fast unto death" against the Communal Award and ends the fast on Sept. 26 after the Poona Pact.

Nov. 17. 1932

The third Round Table Conference begins in London (nov. 17 to Dec.24).

May. 9. 1933

Gandhiji released from prison as he begins fast for self-purification. INC suspends Civil Disobedience movement but authorizes Satyagrah by individuals.

1934

Gandhiji declares withdrawal from active politics and devotes himself to "constructive programmes" (1934-39).

Aug. 4. 1935

The Govt of India Act (1935) passed.

1937

Elections held in India under the Act of 1935 (Feb. 1937). The INC contests election, and forms ministries in seven provinces (July 1937).

Date

Importance

Feb. 19-20. 1938

Haripura session of INC. Subhas Chandra Bose elected Congress president.

Mar. 10-12. 1939

Tripura session of the INC. Subhash Chandra Bose re-elected the President of the Congress.

Apr. 1939

Subhas Chandra Bose resigns as the president of the INC.

Sept. 3. 1939

Second World War (sept. 1). Great Britain declares war on Germany; the Viceroy declares that India too is at war.

Oct. 27. -
Nov. 5. 1939

The Congress ministries in the provinces resign in protest against the unilateral declaration of Britain that India had entered the World War - II as an ally of Britain

Dec. 22. 1939

The Muslim League observes the resignation of the Congress ministries as' Deliverance Day'.

Mar. 1940

Lahore session of the Muslim League passes the Pakistan Resolution.

Aug. 10. 1940

Viceroy Linlithgow announces-August Offer

Aug. 18-22. 1940

Congress Working Committee rejects the 'August Offer'.

Oct. 17. 1940

Congress launches Individual Satyagraha movement.

Jan.17. 1941

Subhas Chandra Bose escapes from India; arrives in Berlin (march 28).

Mar. 11. 1942

Churchill announces the Cripps Mission

Aug. 7-8. 1942

The INC meets in Bombay. The Quit India Resolution is adopted on August 8

Aug. 9. 1942

Gandhiji and other Congress arrested.

Aug. 11. 1942

Quit India movement begins; the Great August Uprising.

Sept. 1. 1942

Subhas Chandra Bose establish the Indian National Army Azad Hind Fauj

Oct. 21. 1943

Subhas Chandra Bose proclaims the formation of the Provisional Govt. Of Free India.

Dec. 1943

Karachi session of the Muslim League adopts the slogan Divide and Quit.

Jun. 25. 1944

Wavell calls Simla Conference in a bid to form the executive Council of India political Leaders.

Feb. 18. 1946

Mutiny of the Indian naval ratings in Bombay.

Mar. 15. 1946

British Prime Minister Attlee announced Cabinet Mission to propose new solution to the Indian deadlock; Cabinet Mission arrivers in New Delhi (march 14); issues proposal (may 16).

Jul. 6. 1946

Jawaharlal Nehru takes over as Congress president.

Aug. 6. 1946

Wavell invites Nehru to from an interim govt.; Interim Government takes office (sept. 2).

Dec. 9. 1946

First session of the Constituent Assembly of Indian starts. Muslim League boycotts it.The Objectives Resoultion is adopted

Feb. 20. 1947

British Prime Minister Attlee declares that the British Government would leave India not later than June 1948.

Mar. 24. 1947

Lord Mountbatten, the last British Viceroy and Governor-General of India (march 24, 1947 to June 21, 1948), sworn in

Jun. 3. 1947

Mountbatten Plan for the partition of India and the announcement (june 4) that transfer of Power will take place on Aug 15.

Aug. 15. 1947

India wins freedom.