1. Socio - Religious Reform Movements
2. Muslim Socio-Religious Reform Movements
3. Caste Movements
4. Peasants' Movements
5. Newspapers & Journals
6. Important Sessions of INC
7. Freedom Struggle: Important Dates
Social Religious Reforms
Name of the Movement/Organisation | Year | Place/ Region | Founder | Objectives |
Swaminarayan Sampradaya | | Gujarat | Swami Sahjananda | Protests against some non-spiritual tendencies in Vaishnavism |
Atmiya Sabha (later Brahma Sabha) | 1815-1828 | Calcutta | Raja Ram Mohan Roy | To reform Hindu society & propagate monothiesm |
Wahabi Movement | 1820 | Rohilkhand | Syed Ahmed of Rae Bareilly | Popularised the teachings of Waliullah. Stressed the importance of individual conscience in religion. |
Brahmo Samaj | 1828 | Calcutta | Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Keshab Chandra Sen & Debendranath Tagore | 1. Opposed social evils such as Sati |
Young Bengali Movement | 1826-1832 | Calcutta | Henry Derozio, Rasik Krishna Mullik, Tarachand Chakravarty, Krishna Mohan Banerjee | 1. Argued for social reforms |
Dahrma Sabha | 1830 | Calcutta | Radha Kanta Deva | 1. Founded to counter Brahma Samaj |
Namdhari/Kuka Movement | 1841-1871 | North West | Bhai Balak Singh & Baba Ram Singh | 1. Opposed to caste distinctions |
Rahanumai Mazdayasan Sabha | 1851 | Bombay | S.S. Bangali, Naoroji Fundonji & J.B. Nacha | 1. A socio-religious organisation of the Parsis |
Radha Soami Satsang | 1861 | Agra | Tulsi Ram (Shiv Dayal Saheb) | 1. Belief in one Supreme Being |
Prarthana Samaj | 1867 | Bombay | Dr. Atmaram Pandurang | Reforming Hindu religious thought and practice in the light of modern knowledge |
Indian Reform Association | 1870 | Calcutta | Keshab Chandra Sen | 1. Create public opinion against child marriages |
Arya Samaj | 1875 | Bombay | Swami Dayanad Saraswati | To reform Hindu religion |
Theosophical Society | 1875 | New York (later shifted to Adayar near Madras) | Madam H.P. Blavatsky & Col. H.S. Olcot | Revival & strengthening of ancient religions including Hinduism, Zoroastrianism & Buddhism |
Deccan Education Society | 1884 | Pune | Mahadev Govind Ranade, V.G. Chidbonkar & G.G. Agarkar, | To contribute to the growth of education and culture in Maharashtra. The society founded the Fergusen College in Pune (1885). |
Seva Sadan | 1885 | Bombay | Behramji M. Malabar | 1. Oppose child marriage |
toolika.com
Name of the Movement/ Organisation | Year | Place/Region | Name of founder | Objectives |
Ramakrishna Mission | 1887 | | Swami Vivekananda | 1. To preach the teachings of Sri Rama Krishna Paramahamsa |
Indian National Social Conference | 1887 | Bombay | Mahadev Govind Ranande and Raghunath Rao | Founded as the social reform cell of the Indian National Congress |
Deva Samaj | 1887 | Lahore | Shiv Narain Agnihotri | Asked the followers of this organisation to follow social code of conducts and ethics. Opposed bribe, consumption of intoxicants, non-vegetarian food and gambling. It drew inspiration from Brahma Samaj |
Madras Hindu Association | 1892 | Madras | Veeresalingam Pantalu | Encouraged widow re-marriage and fought against Devadasi system |
Bharat Dharma Mahamandala | 1902 | Varanasi | Madan Mohan Malaviya & Pandit Deen Dayal Sharma | It was an organisation of orthodox Hindus, also known as Sanatana Dharmis. It was formed to counter the teachings of the Arya Samaj |
The Servants of India Society | 1905 | Bombay | Gopal Krishna Gokhale | 1. Social Reforms |
Poona Seva Sadan | 1909 | Pune | G.k. Devadhar and Ramabhai Ranade (wife of M.G. Ranade) | Establish institutions for economic and social uplift and useful employment of women. |
Niskam Karma Math (the Monastery for Disinterested Work) | 1910 | Pune | Dhondo Keshav Karve | 1. Social Reform |
Bharat Stri Mandal | 1910 | Calcutta | Saralabala Deve Chaudharani | First women's organisation on all-India basis. Aimed at furthering the cause of education and emancipation of women. |
Social Service League | 1911 | Bombay | Narayan Malhar Joshi | Social service and improving the conditions of the masses by opening schools, libraries and dispensaries |
Seva Samiti | 1914 | Allahabad | Pandit Hridayanath Kunzru | 1. Organise social service |
The Indian Women's Association | 1917 | Madras | Annie Besant | Work for uplift of Indian women and to "secure a larger free and fuller life for them". |
Khudai Khitmatgar | 1929 | | Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan | Upliftment of people of North-Western Frontier Province & prepare them for attainment of independence. |
Muslim Socio-Religious Reform Movements
Name of the Organisation/ Movement | Year | Place/Region | Founder | Objectives |
Faraizi (Faraidi) Movement | 1804 | Faridpur (Bengal) | Haji Shariyatullah & Dudhi Miyan | 1. Propagate strict monotheism |
Taayuni Movement | 1839 | Dacca | Karamati Ali Jaunpur | 1. Opposed to Faraizi Movement |
Deoband Movement | 1867 | Deoband (near Saharanpur), UP | Muhamman Qasim Nanutavi & Rashid Ahmad Gangohi | 1. Improve the spiritual and moral conditions of Indian Muslims |
Aligarh Movement | 1875 | Aligarh | Sir Syed Ahmed Khan | 1. Liberation and modernisation of Indian Muslims |
Ahamadiya Movement | 1889-90 | Faridkot (presently in Pakistan) | Mirza Ghulam Ahmed of Qadiyan | 1. Universal brotherhood among followers of all religions. |
Nadwatal Ulama | 1894-95 | Lucknow | Maulana Shibli Numani | 1. To reform the traditional Islamic system of education |
Ahrar Movement | | | Riza Khan & Ali Brothers | Stood against Aligarh Movement |
Caste Movement
Name of Movement/ Organisation | Year | Place/ Region | Founder | Objectives |
Satya sodhak Samaj | 1873 | Mahrashtra | Jyotiba Phule | 1. Opposed to caste oppression, un-touchability &domination by Brahmans priest |
Aruvipuram Movement | 1888 | Aruvipuram, near Trivandrum in Kerala | Sri Narayana Guru (1856-1828) | 1. Opposed to religious disabilities against lower castes |
Sri Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam (SNDP Movement) | 1903 | Sivagiri, near Trivandrum in | Sri Narayana Gruru, Dr. Palpu and Malayalam poet | 1. A continuation of Aruvipuram Movement |
The Depressed Class Mission Society | 1906 | Bombay | V.R. Shinde | Launched by the Prarthana Samaj activists as an independent organisation. It aimed at organising education facilities for the lower castes |
Bahujan Samaj | 1910 | Satara, Maharashtra | Mukundrao Patil | Opposed to exploitation of the lower castes by upper castes including Brahamans, money lenders and landlords |
Justice Movement | 1915-16 | Madras | C.N. Mudaliar, T.M. Nair and P.Tyagaraja Chetti | 1. Opposed to Brahman Pre-dominance in education, services and politics |
Depressed Classes Welfare Institute (Bahishkrit Hitkari Sabha) | 1924 | Bombay | Dr. B.R. Ambedkar | 1. To propagate the ideology of equality among all Hindus |
Self - Respect Movement | 1925 | Madras | E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker | 1. A radical movement against Brahman dominance and Hindu Orthodoxy |
Harijan Sewak Sangh | 1932 | Pune | Mahatma Gandhi | 1. Removal of un-touchability and social discrimination against lower castes |
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| 1. Inspired by two organisations; Jati Nirdharani Sabha (1897) & Mahishya Samiti (1901) | |
Nadar Movement | | Tamil Nadu | | 1.The movement was begun by the Nadars of Travancore (southern Kerala), inspired by Christian Missionaries |
Nair Service Society (NSS) | | Perunna, near Kottayam in Kerala | Mannathu Padmanabhan | 1. A radical upper caste movement |
Peasant Movements
Name of the Movement/ Organisation | Place/Region | Year | Leader | Objectives |
Titu Mir's Movement | Western Bengal | 1782-1831 | Mir Nathar Ali (Titu Mir) | Against the beard-tax imposed on the Faraizis by the Hindu landlords |
Pagal Panthis | Hanjoong & Garo tribes in Mymensingh district (eralier in Bengal) | 1825-1835 | Karam Shah & Tipu Shah | 1. Against hike in rents |
Mopla Uprisings | Malabar (northern Kerala) | 1836-1854 | | 1. Against rise in the revenue demand by the landlords and reduction of field size |
Indigo Revolt | Nadia district of western Bengal | 1859-1869 | Degambar & Bishnu Biswas | 1. Against the harsh terms imposed by the European indigo planters in Bengal |
Deccan Peasants' Uprising | Kardeh Village and Pune in Maharashtra | 1875 | | Against corrupt money-lenders (Gujarati & Marwari); Agriculturists Relief Act (1879) was passed. |
Phadk'e Ramosi Uprising | Ramosi, Maharashtra | 1877-1887 | Wasudeo Balwant Padke | Against the failure of the British government in taking famine relief measures |
Pabna Agrarian Uprising | Pabna District, East Bengal (presently in Bangladesh) | 1873 | Shah Chandra Roy, Shabhu Pal, Khoodi Mollah | 1. Against policies of Zamindars preventing occupants from acquiring occupancy rights |
Punjab Peasnts' Revolt | Punjab | 1890s | | 1. Against prospect of losing their land |
Poona Sarvajanik Sabha | Thana, Colaba and Ratnagiri (Maharashtra) | 1870 | Mahadev Govind Ranade | To popularise the peasants' legal rights |
Champaran Satyagraha | Champaran (Bihar) | 1917 | | 1. Against the 'tinkathia' system imposed by the European indigo planters. |
Kheda Satyagraha | Kheda (Gujarat) | 1918 | | 1. Against ignored appeals for remission of land revenue in case of crop failures |
UP Kissan Sabha | United Province (now Uttar Pradesh) | 1918 | Indra Narain Dwivedi & | |
Awadh Peasants Movement | Bareilly - Pratapgarh region (UP) | 1918 | | |
Oudh Kissan Sabha | Awadh (Ayodhya) | 1920 | Jawaharlal Nehru & Baba Ram Chandra | |
Andhra Ryots Association | Andhra | 1928 | N.G. Ranga | Abolition of Zamindari |
All India Kisan Sabha | | 1936 | Swami Sahajanada | 1. An apex body of peasants' organisations all over India |
Bardoli Satyagraha | Bardoli, Nera Surat (Gujarat) | 1928 | Kunbi- Patidar peasants & lower caste people | 1. Against oppression by upper caste & hike in revenue by 22% by Bombay government |
Eka Movement | Hardoi, Barabanki and Sitapur | 1921-22 | | 1.Led by members of Pasi & Ahir castes |
Tebhaga Movement | Bengal | 1946 | | 1. A movement by poor peasants, tenenats and Bargardars (share-croppers) |
Bhoodan Movement | Hyderabad | 1946-51 | Acharya Vinoba Bhave | 1. The movement was launched as result of the Telengana Peasants' uprisings |
Newspapers & Journals
Name of the Paper/ Journal | Year | Founder/Editor | Remarks |
Bengal Gazette | 1780 | James Augustus Hicky (Irishman) | The first newspaper published from India (published in English). Later, the first Bengali newspaper was also published in the same name. |
India Gazette | 1787 | Henry Louis Vivian Derozio Associated with it. | This paper supported the Young Bengali Movement |
Madras Courier | 1784 | | First paper from Madras |
Bombay Herald | 1789 | | First paper from Bombay |
India Herald | 1795 | R. Williams (an Englishman) and published by Humphreys | |
Digdarshna | 1818 | | First Bengali monthly |
Calcutta Journal | 1818 | J.S.Buckingham | |
Bengal Gazette | 1818 | Harishchandra Ray | First Bengali newspaper |
Sambad kaumudi | 1821 | Raja Rammohan Roy | |
Marat-ul-Akbar | 1822 | Raja Rammohan Roy | First journal in Persian |
Jam-I-Jahan Numah | 1822 | An English firm | First paper in Urdu |
Banga-Doota | 1822 | Raja Rammohan Roy | A weekly in 4 languages ; English, Bengali, Persian, Hindi. |
Bombay Samachar | 1822 | | First paper in Gujarati |
East India | 19th Century | Henry Louis Vivian Derozio | |
Bombay Times | 1838 | Foundation laid by Robert Knight | The Times of India after 1861. Started by Thomas Bennett. |
Rast Goftar | 1851 | Dadabhai Naoroji | |
Hindu Patriot | 1853 | Girishchandra Ghosh | Later ,Harishchandra Mukherji became owner-cum-editor. |
Samprakasha | 1858 | Dwarkanath Vidyabhushan | First Bengali political paper |
Indian Mirror | Early 1862 | Devendranath Tagore | First Indian daily paper in English |
Bengalee | 1862 | Girishchandra Ghosh | Taken over by Surendranath Banerjea in 1879 |
Madras Mail | 1868 | | First evening paper in India |
Amrita Bazar Patrika | 1868 | Sisirkumar Ghosh & Motilal Ghosh | In Bengali and later, an English daily |
Banga Darshana | 1873 | Bankimchandra Chatterji | |
Indian Satesman | 1875 | Robert Knight | Later, the name was changed into The Statesman |
The Hindu | 1878 | G.S. Aiyar, Viraraghavachari & Subba Rao Pandit | |
Tribune | 1881 | Dayal Singh Majeetia | |
Kesari & Mahratta | 1881 | Tilak, Chiplunkar & Agarkar | Before Tilak, Agarkar & Prof Kelkar were the editors respectively |
Swadeshamitram | | G.S. Aiyar | |
Paridasak | 1886 | Bipin Chandra Pal (publisher) | |
Yugantar | 1906 | Barindra Kumar Ghosh & Bhupendranath Dutta | The newspapers Yugantar, Sandhya and Kal were instrumental in forming public opinion against the Partition of Bengal (1905-1911).They inspired the Swadeshi Movement to a large extent |
Sandhya | 1906 | Brahamabandhab Upadhyay | |
Kal | 1906 | | |
Indian Sociologist | | Shyamji Krishnavarama | London |
Bande Mataram | | Madam Bhikaji Cama | Paris |
Talvar | | Verendranath Chattopadhyay | Berlin |
Free Hindustan | | Tarakanth Das | Vancouver |
Ghadr | | Ghadr Party | San Francisco |
Bombay Chronicle | 1913 | Pherozeshah Mehta, Editor B.G. Horniman (Englishman) | |
The Hindustan Times | 1920 | K.M. Panikkar | as part of the Akali Dal Movement |
The Milap | 1923 | M.K. Chand | |
Leader | | Madan Mohan Malaviya | |
Kirti | 1926 | Santosh Singh | |
Bahishkrit Bharat | 1927 | B.R. Ambedkar | |
Kudi Arasu | 1910 | E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker (Periyar) | |
Kranti | 1927 | S.S. Mirajkar, K.N. Joglekar & S.V. Ghate | |
Langal and Ganabani | 1927 | Gopu Chakravarti & Dharani Goswami | |
Bandi Jivan | | Sachindranath Sanyal | |
National Herald | 1938 | Jawaharal Nehru | |
Al-hilal | | Maulana Abul Kalam Azad | |
Comrade | | Mohammed Ali | |
Young India, Harijan | | Mahatma Gandhi | |
Nation | | Gopalakrishna Gokhle | |
Bengali | | Surendernath Banerjee | |
Som Prakash | | Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar | |
Karmyogi | | Arvindo Ghosh | |
Free Hindustan | | Taraknath Das | |
Zamindar, Lahore | | Zafar Ali Khan | |
New India, Commonweal | | Annie Besant | |
Satpatra Series | | Gopal Hari Deshmukh | |
Din Mitra | | Mukundrao Patil | |
Kudi Arasu | | Periyar | |
Ghulamgiri (Slavery) | | Jotirao Phule | |
Maratha, Din Bandhu | | Bhaskar Rao Jadhav | |
Darpan | | Bal Shastri Jabedkar | |
Prabudha Bharat, Udbodhaka | | Swami Vivekananda | |
Malayala Manorama | 1888 | Kandathil Cheriyan Mappila | The paper helped form popular opinion against autocratic policies of Sir C.P. Ramaswamy Iyer, the Diwan (Chief Minister) of Trvancore (southern Kerala). This helped growth of nationalism in Kerala |
Important Sessions of INC
Sl. No | Year | Venue | President | Remarks |
1 | 1885 | Bombay (Mumbai) | Woomesh Chandra Banerjee | First session. Allan Octavien Hume, the founder of the founder of the Indian National Congress (INC) was the first Secretary of the Party. Total 72 delegates participated. Lord Dufferin was the Viceroy of India when INC was formed. |
2 | 1886 | Calcutta (Kolkata) | Dadabhai Naoroji | Dadabhai Naoroji was the first Indian to become the President of the INC. Lord Dufferin, the Viceroy served a garden tea party to the delegates. Soon, he was disappointed with the working style of the INC and he described it "annual Babu Congress" and a "microscopic minority jumped into the un-known". |
3 | 1887 | Madras (Chennai) | Badruddin Tyabji | |
4 | 1888 | Allahabad | George Yule | |
5 | 1889 | Bombay | Sir William Wedderburn | Bombay was the first venue to host a session of the INC for the second time. |
6 | 1890 | Calcutta | Feroz Shah Mehta | |
7 | 1891 | Nagpur | P. Ananda Charlu | |
8 | 1892 | Allahabad | Woomesh Chandra Banerjee | W.C. Banerjee was the first person to become the President of the INC for the second time. |
9 | 1893 | Lahore | Dadabhai Naoroji | The first session of the INC held in a location pesently in Pakistan |
10 | 1894 | Madras | Alfred Webb | |
11 | 1895 | Poona | Surendranath Banerjee | |
12 | 1896 | Calcutta | Rahmatulla M Sayani | |
13 | 1897 | Amaravati | C. Sankaran Nair | |
14 | 1898 | Madras | Ananada Mohan Bose | |
15 | 1899 | Lucknow | Ramesh Chandra Dutt | |
16 | 1900 | Lahore | N.G. Chandavarkar | |
17 | 1901 | Calcutta | D.E. Wacha | |
18 | 1902 | Bombay | Hasan Iamam | |
| | Ahmedabad | Surendranath Banerjee | |
19 | 1903 | Madra | Lal Mohan Ghose | |
20 | 1904 | Bombay | Sir Henry Cotton | |
21 | 1905 | Banares | Gopala Krishna Gokhale | The first session after the partition of Bengal (1905) by Lord Curzon. The session passed resolutions against the partition. |
22 | 1906 | Calcutta | Dadabhai Naoroji | |
23 | 1907 | Surat | Dr. Rash Behari Ghose | |
| 1908 | Madras | Dr. Rash Behari Ghose | The session held at Surat was suspended and later held in Madras, due to the clash between the Moderates and the Extremists within the Congress. |
24 | 1909 | Lahore | Madan Mohan Malaviya | |
25 | 1910 | Allahabad | William Wedderburn | |
26 | 1911 | Calcutta | Pandit B.N. Dhar | |
27 | 1912 | Bankipore | R.N. Mandholkar | |
28 | 1913 | Karachi | Nawab Syyed Mohammad Bahadur | Karachi and Lahore are the places in present day Pakistan where sessions of the INC were held. |
29 | 1914 | Madras | Bhupendranath Basu | |
30 | 1915 | Boambay | Sir Satyendranath Sinha | |
31 | 1916 | Lucknow | Ambika Charan Majumdar | |
32 | 1917 | Calcutta | Annie Besant | The first woman to become the President of the INC. |
| 1918 | Special Session | Hassan Imam | |
Sl. No. | Year | Venue | President | Remarks |
33 | 1918 | Delhi | Madan Mohan Malaviya | The first session in Delhi |
34 | 1919 | Amritsar | Motilal Nehru | This session was held after the Jallianwalbagh massacre |
35 | 1920 | Calcutta | Lala Lajpat Rai | The session was suspended |
| | Nagpur | C. Raghavachariar | Annual session. This session approved Gandhiji's programme of Non- Co - operation |
36 | 1921 | Ahmedabad | C.R. Das | As C.R. Das was in prison, Hakim Ajmal Khan acted as the President. |
37 | 1922 | Gaya | C.R. Das | |
38 | 1923 | Delhi | Maulana Abul Kalam Azad | The session was suspended |
| | Golconda | Maulana Muhammad Ali | Annual session |
39 | 1924 | Belgaum | Mahatma Gandhi | The only session of Congress presided over by Gandhiji |
40 | 1925 | Cawnpore (Kanpur) | Sarojani Naidu | The first Indian woman to become the President of the Congress. |
41 | 1926 | Guwahati | S. Srinivasa Iyengar | |
42 | 1927 | Madras | Dr. M.A. Ansari | The session decided o boycott the Simon Commission |
43 | 1928 | Calcutta | Motilal Nehru | |
44 | 1929 | Lahore | Jawaharlal Nehru | 1. Jawaharlal Nehru became the President of the Congress for the first time. |
45 | 1931 | Karachi | Vallabhai Patel | |
46 | 1932 | | R. Amritlal | The session was banned |
47 | 1933 | Calcutta | J.M. Sen Gupta | The second Indian woman to become the President of the INC |
48 | 1934 | Bombay | Dr. Rajendra Prasad | |
49 | 1936 | Lucknow | Jawaharlal Nehru | |
50 | 1937 | Faizpur | Jawaharlal Nehru | |
51 | 1938 | Haripua | Subhash Chandra Bose | |
52 | 1939 | Tripuri | Subhash Chandra Bose | Bose defeated Gandhiji's candidate Pattabhi Sitaramayya in a heated contest. However, he resigned after moths and Dr. Rajendra Prasad took over as the President. |
53 | 1940 | Ramgarh | Maulana Abul Kalam Azad | No sessions were held during 1941-45, because main leaders of the Congress were under arrest. The Quit India Movement was launched during this period, beginning from 9th August 1942. |
54 | 1946 | Meerut | Acharya J.B. Kripalani | 1. It was the last session of the Congress before India's independence. |
55 | 1948 | Jaipur | B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya | The first session of the Congress after India's Independence and Gandhiji's |
Freedom Struggle : Important Dates
Date | Importance |
1905 | Partition of Bengal announced to come into force from October 15, 1906 by Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India |
Dec. 31. 1906 | Muslim League founded at Decca |
Apr. 30. 1908 | Khudiram Bose executed. |
Jul. 22. 1908 | Tilak sentenced to six years on charges of sedition. |
May. 21. 1909 | Minto-Morely Reforms or Indian councils Act, 1909 was promulgated |
1911 | The coronation or Delhi durbar held at Delhi in which the partition of Bengal was cancelled. Lord Hardinge II was the Viceroy who annulled the partition of India |
1912 |
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Dec. 23. 1912 | Bomb thrown on Lord Hardinge II on his state entry into Delhi. |
Nov. 1. 1913 | Ghadar party formed at San Francisco. |
Jun. 16. 1914 | Bal Gandgadhar Tilak released from jail. |
Aug. 4. 1914 | Outbreak of the First World War. |
Sept. 29. 1914 | Komagata Maru ship reaches Budge Budge. |
Jan. 1915 | Gandhiji arrives in India. |
Feb. 19. 1915 | Death of Gopal Krishna Gokhale. |
Apr. 28. 1916 | B.G.Tilak founds Indian Home Rule League with its headquarters at Poona. |
Sept. 25. 1916 | Another Home Rule League started by Annie Besant in Madras |
Apr. 1917 | Mahatma Gandhi launches the Champaran Campaign' in Bihar to focus attention on the grievances of indigo planters. It was the first political interference in India by Gandhiji |
Aug. 20. 1917 | The Secretary of State for India Montagu, declares that the goal of the British Govt in India is the introduction of Responsible Govt. |
1918 | Beginning of trade union movement in India. |
Apr. 1918 | Rowlatt (Sedition) Committee submits its report. Rowlatt Bill introduced of February 16, 1919. |
Apr. 6. 1919 | All India hartal over Rowlatt Bills. |
Apr. 3. 1919 | Jallianwalag Bagh tragedy. |
Dec. 5. 1919 | The House of Commons passes the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms or the Govt of Indian Act, 1919. The new reforms under this Act came into operation in 1921. |
1920 | First meeting of All India Trade Union congress. Narain Malhar Joshi and Lala Lajpat Rai were its founding leaders. |
Dec. 1920 | The Indian National Congress (INC) adopts the Non-Cooperation Resolution. (started on Aug 31, 1920) |
1920-22 | Non-Cooperation Movement, suspended on Feb 11-12, 1922 after the violent incidents at Chauri Chaura on Feb 5, 1922. |
Aug. 1922 | Moplah rebellion on the Malabar coast. |
Jan. 1. 1923 | Swarajist Party formed by Motilal Nehru and others. |
1924 | The Communist Party of India starts its activities first at Kanpur. |
Aug. 1925 | Kakori Train Conspiracy case. |
Nov. 8. 1927 | The British Prime Minister announces the appointment of the Simon Commission to suggest future constitutional reforms in India. Simon Commission arrives in Bombay on Feb 3, 1928 and all India hartal. Lala Lajpat Rai assaulted by police at Lahore. |
1928 | Nehru Report recommends principles for the new constitution of India. All-Parties Conference considers the Nehru Report, Aug 28-31, 1928. |
| Date | Importance | |
| Nov.17. 1928 | Death of Lala Lajpat Rai. | |
| 1929 | Sarda Act passed prohibiting marriage of girls below 14 and boys below 18 years of age with effect from 1930. | |
| Mar. 9. 1929 | All-Parties Muslim Conference formulates the 'fourteen Points' under the leadership of Jinnah. | |
| Apr. 8. 1929 | Bhagat Singh & Batakeshwar Dutt drop bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi (present day Parliament) | |
| Oct. 31. 1929 | Lord Irwin's announcement that the goal of British policy in India was the grant of the Dominion status. | |
| Dec. 31. 1929 | The Lahore session of the INC adopts the resolution of complete independence-(poorna swarajya) for India. | |
| Jan.1. 1930 | Jawaharlal Nehru hoists the tricolour of Indian Independence on the banks of River Ravi at Lahore. | |
| Jan. 26. 1930 | First Independence Day observed. | |
| Feb. 14. 1930 | The Working committee of the INC meets at Sabarmati and passes the Civil Disobedience resolution. | |
| Mar. 12. 1930 | Mahatma Gandhi launches the Civil Disbedience movement with his epic Dandi march (march 12 to April 5).First phase of the CivilDisobedience movement: March 12, 1930 to March 5, 1931. | |
| Nov. 30. 1930 | First Round Table Conference begins in London to consider the report of the Simon. | |
| Mar. 5. 1931 | Gandhi-Irwin pact signed Civil Disobedience movement suspended. | |
| Mar. 23. 1931 | Bhagat Singh, Sukh Dev and Rajguru executed. | |
| Sept. 7. 1931 | Second Round Table Conference. | |
| Dec. 28. 1931 | Gandhiji returns from London after the deadlocked in IInd RTC. Launches Civil Disobedience Movement. The INC declared illegal. | |
| Jan. 4. 1932 | Gandhiji arrested and imprisoned without trial. | |
| Aug. 16. 1932 | British Prime Minister Ramsay Macdonald announces the infamous "Communal Award". | |
| Sept. 20. 1932 | Gandhiji in jail, begins his epic "fast unto death" against the Communal Award and ends the fast on Sept. 26 after the Poona Pact. | |
| Nov. 17. 1932 | The third Round Table Conference begins in London (nov. 17 to Dec.24). | |
| May. 9. 1933 | Gandhiji released from prison as he begins fast for self-purification. INC suspends Civil Disobedience movement but authorizes Satyagrah by individuals. | |
| 1934 | Gandhiji declares withdrawal from active politics and devotes himself to "constructive programmes" (1934-39). | |
| Aug. 4. 1935 | The Govt of India Act (1935) passed. | |
| 1937 | Elections held in India under the Act of 1935 (Feb. 1937). The INC contests election, and forms ministries in seven provinces (July 1937). |
Date | Importance |
Feb. 19-20. 1938 | Haripura session of INC. Subhas Chandra Bose elected Congress president. |
Mar. 10-12. 1939 | Tripura session of the INC. Subhash Chandra Bose re-elected the President of the Congress. |
Apr. 1939 | Subhas Chandra Bose resigns as the president of the INC. |
Sept. 3. 1939 | Second World War (sept. 1). Great Britain declares war on Germany; the Viceroy declares that India too is at war. |
Oct. 27. - | The Congress ministries in the provinces resign in protest against the unilateral declaration of Britain that India had entered the World War - II as an ally of Britain |
Dec. 22. 1939 | The Muslim League observes the resignation of the Congress ministries as' Deliverance Day'. |
Mar. 1940 | Lahore session of the Muslim League passes the Pakistan Resolution. |
Aug. 10. 1940 | Viceroy Linlithgow announces-August Offer |
Aug. 18-22. 1940 | Congress Working Committee rejects the 'August Offer'. |
Oct. 17. 1940 | Congress launches Individual Satyagraha movement. |
Jan.17. 1941 | Subhas Chandra Bose escapes from India; arrives in Berlin (march 28). |
Mar. 11. 1942 | Churchill announces the Cripps Mission |
Aug. 7-8. 1942 | The INC meets in Bombay. The Quit India Resolution is adopted on August 8 |
Aug. 9. 1942 | Gandhiji and other Congress arrested. |
Aug. 11. 1942 | Quit India movement begins; the Great August Uprising. |
Sept. 1. 1942 | Subhas Chandra Bose establish the Indian National Army Azad Hind Fauj |
Oct. 21. 1943 | Subhas Chandra Bose proclaims the formation of the Provisional Govt. Of Free India. |
Dec. 1943 | Karachi session of the Muslim League adopts the slogan Divide and Quit. |
Jun. 25. 1944 | Wavell calls Simla Conference in a bid to form the executive Council of India political Leaders. |
Feb. 18. 1946 | Mutiny of the Indian naval ratings in Bombay. |
Mar. 15. 1946 | British Prime Minister Attlee announced Cabinet Mission to propose new solution to the Indian deadlock; Cabinet Mission arrivers in New Delhi (march 14); issues proposal (may 16). |
Jul. 6. 1946 | Jawaharlal Nehru takes over as Congress president. |
Aug. 6. 1946 | Wavell invites Nehru to from an interim govt.; Interim Government takes office (sept. 2). |
Dec. 9. 1946 | First session of the Constituent Assembly of Indian starts. Muslim League boycotts it.The Objectives Resoultion is adopted |
Feb. 20. 1947 | British Prime Minister Attlee declares that the British Government would leave India not later than June 1948. |
Mar. 24. 1947 | Lord Mountbatten, the last British Viceroy and Governor-General of India (march 24, 1947 to June 21, 1948), sworn in |
Jun. 3. 1947 | Mountbatten Plan for the partition of India and the announcement (june 4) that transfer of Power will take place on Aug 15. |
Aug. 15. 1947 | India wins freedom. |